Social Security Disability benefits provide financial assistance to eligible individuals whose medical conditions prevent them from performing substantial work. The primary federal disability programs are Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

SSDI is generally available to people who have earned enough work credits through employment and paid Social Security taxes. SSI is a needs-based program for people with limited income and financial resources. Some applicants may qualify for benefits under both programs.

The Social Security Administration considers your medical condition, ability to perform work-related activities, employment history, age, education, and occupational skills. Your condition must generally prevent substantial work and be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.

Many physical and mental health conditions may support a disability claim. Examples include back injuries, arthritis, heart disease, neurological disorders, cancer, anxiety, depression, and other serious impairments. Eligibility depends on how the condition limits your ability to work—not only on its diagnosis.

Applicants may need medical records, treatment history, medication details, employment information, earnings records, and descriptions of how their conditions affect daily activities. Complete and consistent documentation can help Social Security properly evaluate a claim.